Jasper Johns: Flag
This summer, PAFA will feature one of Johns’ most sensuously painted flag paintings in a single-object exhibition. Flag (1960-66), now in a private collection, has been exhibited only once before. The author, director, producer, screenwriter, and collector Michael Crichton (1942-2008), purchased the painting from his friend, Johns, in 1973. It occupied pride of place in a collection that was extraordinarily well selected and full of major works by the leading artists of the Pop generation. Flag recently sold at auction for a record price and the present owners have generously allowed PAFA to give the painting its national debut.
When Johns chose the American flag as a subject, he selected an image that could inspire an extraordinary range of emotions, personal associations, and historical memory. He told curator Walter Hopps in 1965, he gravitated towards such images because they’re, “things which are seen and not looked at, not examined, and they both have clearly defined areas which could be measured and transferred to canvas.” Flag subverted modernist critics’ emphasis on flatness and self-referentiality as the highest achievements of modern painting. Johns’ painting depicts a flat object presented as an object complete with painted edges. Its physical edges are the image’s edges. This has led some art historians to muse whether Johns’ flags are paintings or actual flags – can a representation become the thing it represents?
While many of the issues posed by Johns’ work were unique to his time, the capacity for realist painting to cross over into reality had been tested by American trompe l’oeil painters in the late 19th century such as John Frederick Peto and William Harnett, artists with ties to Philadelphia and PAFA. These artists attempted to make painted still-lifes that so closely resembled the objects they depicted that the resulting image would “fool” viewers into thinking that they were seeing real objects rather than painted illusions. Johns’ innovation was focusing on a subject that could be simultaneously object, symbol, realist representation, and was found, not designed by the artist. In his words, the subject was “preformed, conventional, depersonalized, factual, [including] exterior elements.” In Flag the “flag” is not situated in illusionistic space but is the tangible, self-contained entire hand-made object.
As Johns told critic David Sylvester in 1965, “I’m interested in things which suggest the world rather than suggest the personality. I’m interested in things which suggest things which are, rather than in judgments. The most conventional thing, the most ordinary thing – it seems to me that those things can be dealt with without having to judge them; they seem to me to exist as clear facts, not involving aesthetic hierarchy.” Johns commented that the discrete and given flag did away with any need for him to design the composition or invent a subject, leaving him free to address other things in painting. Indeed, the painting’s texture-rich surface comes from Johns careful layering of collaged paper and encaustic, an ancient painting technique consisting of pigment and melted wax. From a distance, this surface gives a sense of a relaxed and weathered fabric. At close range the surface is a polyphonic array of arrested drips, short deliberate strokes, mottled patches of color, and semi-transparent brushwork.
Jasper Johns: Flag will be accompanied by a series of public talks and interactive programs, focusing on the numerous ways Johns' painting continues to influence artists, has changed the way we view our flag, and the myriad meanings the image has for viewers. PAFA's presentation, an exhibition of ideas inspired by, concentrated in, and provoked by Flag will be a unique experience for visitors this summer.
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This summer, PAFA will feature one of Johns’ most sensuously painted flag paintings in a single-object exhibition. Flag (1960-66), now in a private collection, has been exhibited only once before. The author, director, producer, screenwriter, and collector Michael Crichton (1942-2008), purchased the painting from his friend, Johns, in 1973. It occupied pride of place in a collection that was extraordinarily well selected and full of major works by the leading artists of the Pop generation. Flag recently sold at auction for a record price and the present owners have generously allowed PAFA to give the painting its national debut.
When Johns chose the American flag as a subject, he selected an image that could inspire an extraordinary range of emotions, personal associations, and historical memory. He told curator Walter Hopps in 1965, he gravitated towards such images because they’re, “things which are seen and not looked at, not examined, and they both have clearly defined areas which could be measured and transferred to canvas.” Flag subverted modernist critics’ emphasis on flatness and self-referentiality as the highest achievements of modern painting. Johns’ painting depicts a flat object presented as an object complete with painted edges. Its physical edges are the image’s edges. This has led some art historians to muse whether Johns’ flags are paintings or actual flags – can a representation become the thing it represents?
While many of the issues posed by Johns’ work were unique to his time, the capacity for realist painting to cross over into reality had been tested by American trompe l’oeil painters in the late 19th century such as John Frederick Peto and William Harnett, artists with ties to Philadelphia and PAFA. These artists attempted to make painted still-lifes that so closely resembled the objects they depicted that the resulting image would “fool” viewers into thinking that they were seeing real objects rather than painted illusions. Johns’ innovation was focusing on a subject that could be simultaneously object, symbol, realist representation, and was found, not designed by the artist. In his words, the subject was “preformed, conventional, depersonalized, factual, [including] exterior elements.” In Flag the “flag” is not situated in illusionistic space but is the tangible, self-contained entire hand-made object.
As Johns told critic David Sylvester in 1965, “I’m interested in things which suggest the world rather than suggest the personality. I’m interested in things which suggest things which are, rather than in judgments. The most conventional thing, the most ordinary thing – it seems to me that those things can be dealt with without having to judge them; they seem to me to exist as clear facts, not involving aesthetic hierarchy.” Johns commented that the discrete and given flag did away with any need for him to design the composition or invent a subject, leaving him free to address other things in painting. Indeed, the painting’s texture-rich surface comes from Johns careful layering of collaged paper and encaustic, an ancient painting technique consisting of pigment and melted wax. From a distance, this surface gives a sense of a relaxed and weathered fabric. At close range the surface is a polyphonic array of arrested drips, short deliberate strokes, mottled patches of color, and semi-transparent brushwork.
Jasper Johns: Flag will be accompanied by a series of public talks and interactive programs, focusing on the numerous ways Johns' painting continues to influence artists, has changed the way we view our flag, and the myriad meanings the image has for viewers. PAFA's presentation, an exhibition of ideas inspired by, concentrated in, and provoked by Flag will be a unique experience for visitors this summer.
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